A Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines - 1094 Words

A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines, Vintage Contemporaries  ©1993, 256pp. In his poignant and moving novel, A Lesson Before Dying, Ernest J. Gaines asks us questions that reignite our own quest for the meaning of compassion. What do you teach a man condemned to die? What lesson might be useful in the final month of a man’s life? Is there a futility that we succumb to when we accept the judgment of men? These are the questions faced by Grant Wiggins, a young, black school teacher who has returned to his small Louisiana hometown following his college education. Persuaded by his aunt to counsel Jefferson, also a young, black man who has been sentenced to die for an armed robbery in which he was an unwitting bystander. Not to exonerate him, but to teach him. To give him something to call his own before he leaves this earth: knowledge. Set in 1940s rural Louisiana, the novel is framed in a sociopolitical structure that is all too familiar and disturbingly simple: racial class structure that places Black Americans firmly under the shoes of their White counterparts. The setting was a deft choice by Gaines to illustrate his central theme, but also a necessary one. This story, set in a contemporary prison, Jefferson’s character would stretch credibility beyond the point of acceptance, making Grant’s task virtually impossible. The simplicity built into the racial divide in the 1940s the only one and makes possible everything that follows. The story is simple: Jefferson choseShow MoreRelatedA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines1640 Words   |  7 PagesThe definition of what it means to be a human or a man, is a topic that is has been and is often discussed all over the world today. In the novel A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines, Gaines breaks down the meaning of what it means to be a man thought a character named Grant Wiggins. Grant Wiggins is the main character of the novel and is a very educated African-American man who is also a teacher at a local church in the town. He is trying to define and understand the concept of what it meansRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines1293 Words   |  6 Pageseveryone is a student and a teacher in their own discoveries about the lessons of life. As hard as it can be to assimilate in a situation where you re at a disadvantage, Grant Wiggins and Jefferson took the jaundiced community and made their mark on the static populace. Everyone deserves the right to grasp certain basic lessons, even if it is not encouraged in your society. As the title implies, in A Lesson Before Dying, by Ernest J. Gaines, Grant and Jefferson acted as both the teacher and student in orderRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines926 Words   |  4 Pages I found A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines a deeply moving novel, which kept me on the edge of my seat and had a hard time putting down. The novel explores various themes and concepts that surround the education system, filled with multiple emotional moments, conflicts, and surprising moments scattered throughout the storyline. However, the novel does not just focus on the education system and its underlying issues, but it also focuses on human transformation, where the emotional momentsRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines960 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"A Lesson Before Dying† is known as an outstanding book, in which I would have to agree on. The book has many excellent messages and morals throughout its entirety, But no other message speaks out more than the message of â€Å"Becoming a Man† and the obstacles you must first tackle before achieving that message. The author of â€Å"A Lesson Before Dying†, Ernest J. Gaines, expresses this thr oughout the book immensely. In many ways also making this the theme of the book. Miss Emma says at the beginningRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines1122 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power of a Strong Character In the novel A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines, racism and prejudice are clearly evident and talked about throughout the novel. The novel expresses the oppression of the blacks under a white-ruled society through the narrator, Grant. Grant is a well-educated black man who struggles to free himself from the oppression he has felt from the white community. Despite the fact that he is educated and a teacher, he initially lacks the vigor needed to take the firstRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines1321 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"You don’t get to choose how you’re going to die and when, you can only decide how you are going to live†. (Joan Baez). In the novel A Lesson Before Dying, written by Ernest J. Gaines, Jefferson doesn’t get to choose how and when he’s going to die, but he learns valuable lessons from Grant about how to live the rest of his life. This novel takes place in Bayonne, Louisiana, in the late 1940s. Jefferson is a twenty-one-year-old uneducated black man, who is accused of a robbery and murder that he didRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying, by Ernest J. Gaines Essay1011 Words   |  5 Pagesvery much felt that way. Blacks were oppressed in many ways including having unreachable requirements to vote, such regulations included literacy tests, poll taxes, and elaborate registration systems, but it only started there. The novel A Lesson Before Dying is about a young, college-educated man and a convict, Grant Wiggins and Jefferson. Grant is asked to make a man out of Jefferson who is convicted of killing a white man during a robbery in which he got dragged along to. Grant is asked by EmmaRead More A Lesson before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines Essay1992 Words   |  8 Pages A Lesson before Dying, one of Ernest J. Gaines later works, was written in 1993. Some of his earlier works include A Gathering of Old Men and In My Father’s House. The novel covers a time period when blacks were still treated unfairly and looked down upon. Jefferson, a main character, has been wrongly accused of a crime and awaits his execution in jail. Grant, the story’s main protagonist must find it within himself to help Jefferson see that he is a man, which will allow him to walk bravely toRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines1419 Words   |  6 Pagesfear and pity in the audience. In Ernest J. Gaine s’s novel, A Lesson Before Dying, Jefferson conforms to four out five of the characteristics, and it is the quality that he doesn’t meet that leads to all of his problems in the first place. By meeting four out of the five characteristics, Jefferson meets Aristotle s definition of a tragic hero. Jefferson is not of noble birth, in fact in his culture his is not even average. The society in which A Lesson Before Dying takes place is one that refusesRead MoreA Lesson before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines1155 Words   |  5 Pagesthe children and run away. He still tells her how he wants to run from his problems, the South. Vivian lets him know that her coworkers know about her affair with him. Chapter 13 Plot: Miss Emma goes to church on Sunday. Grant remembers the Friday before when Miss Emma and Reverend Ambrose were sitting in the kitchen along with Tante Lou. When Miss Emma asks about his visit with Jefferson he lies and says that he is doing fine. Grant doesn’t believe in the Bible’s teachings. Grant sits at his desk

My Plan For A Capstone Project - 1139 Words

At SNHU, I have acquired a lot of skills that allowed me to complete my capstone project. I have learned many concepts that help me to successfully finish with my entire program. To prepare such a capstone project, it is indispensable to have some skills and knowledge. I received that knowledge from the course I had at SNHU. I got the project management skills. I now have knowledge of the healthcare informatics. My communication skills have been ameliorated. Since the project is about the healthcare system, I used my knowledge of healthcare studies to prepare my report. Those studies included, but not limited to: Health Policy and Financing; Leadership in Clinical Microsystems; Global Health and Diversity; and Health Policy, Law, Ethics and Regulations. In Addition to that knowledge, the marketing skills have been helpful for preparing the report. In sum; the courses I took at SNHU have considerably helped me to appropriately prepare the capstone project. All of those skills and knowledge are helping me in my workplace. For example, I have learned from the Healthcare Informatics study, the concept of EMR and EHR and their meaningful use in health care settings. Through that concept; nowadays, I have a solid EMR user in my workplace. I will apply that concept in my future high position in the healthcare organizations here in the USA or somewhere in the world. The Project Management and the Marketing studies ameliorated my communication skills. One of my favorite classes wasShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Project On Training Curriculum Development1198 Words   |  5 PagesI. INTRODUCTION This capstone project literature review intends among others things, to refine the research ideas, demonstrate awareness of the current state of knowledge on training curriculum development, its limitations and how the research fits in the context of a learning organization. This research process makes a good starting point for the capstone project. The research uses evidence from conceptual theories to database research literature from several learning organizations training Read MoreCapstone Project : A New Clinical Instructor Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesCapstone Project The proposed capstone project began with remembering what it was like to start out as a new clinical instructor. I started teaching clinicals confident in my ability to coach and mentor nursing students in their skills and critical thinking. During my tenure as an adjunct clinical instructor the nursing program never assessed my skills. As a clinical instructor students are looking to you as an example. Many times the examples provided are lacking in evidence-based practice knowledgeRead MoreCapstone Course : Learning On Structuring A Business1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe Capstone Experience gave me a positive perspective in learning on structuring a business. I was hesitant throughout my sessions on how to proceed; however, after researching the web and corresponding with the session requirements, I was able to gain and improve a new insight of knowledge. I appreciated the diverse topics that the Capstone course presented. I agreed with the assignments for each session. What I d isagreed with was not having thread discussions (besides session 8). In the past,Read MoreMy Passion For Medical Entrepreneurship By Random Assignment Essay854 Words   |  4 Pagesfound my passion for medical entrepreneurship by random assignment. I was a senior bioengineer at Rice University listening to pitches for capstone design projects when I first met my mentor, Dr. Mehdi Razavi. He exuded an energy quite different from that of the bookish academics and polished corporate professionals that had been pitching their ideas up until that point. He showed up in green scrubs, no white coat, Starbucks coffee in hand, and simply introduced himself as Mehdi, omitting theRead MoreA Research Study On Social Justice Work864 Words   |  4 PagesBackground: The plan I created for myself to locate interviewees’ ranges and varies a little. As a Criminology major I will be seeking to locate subjects within the field I would like to go in (Lawyers, Judges, and Detectives†¦ etc.) But also I would like to learn more about social justice work (shelter for youth, being involved in civic engagement work and how it feel to be labeled as a â€Å"troubled youth.† With the following I will be able to get a better understanding on how I would like to develop my potentialRead MoreHomelessness, Housing And Or Child Welfare1313 Words   |  6 PagesNo *2. 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Research methodologies and techniques and the research process The methodologies and techniques will be used in the project would be divided into four main steps, which are as follows: Step 1: Describe the idea and questions of the topic DescribeRead MoreCapstone Project3814 Words   |  16 Pagesï » ¿ Technical Writing Project Cover Sheet Capstone Proposal Project Name: Network Security Survey Student Name: Peter Planica Degree Program: Information Technology – Security Emphasis Mentor Name: Ted Reasoner Capstone Project Waiver/Release Statement Acknowledgement It is the policy of Western Governors University (â€Å"WGU†) that student Capstone projects should not be based upon, and should not include, any proprietary or classified information or material belonging to your employer orRead MoreProfessional Development Plan Essay1171 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment Plan Walden University NURS 6000-8, Success Strategies in the Masters of Science Program in Nursing March 4, 2012 Program of Study and Professional Plan The purpose of this assignment is to develop my own personal plan to meet my educational goals at Walden University. It also allows me to begin a dialog with my instructor about my interests and goals and to give a background of my educational and professional experience. Personal and Professional Goals My name is

Poor Job Design in Australia- Free-Samples - Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss abou the Poor Job Design of Australia. Answer: The essay presents a brief overview of the poor job design of Australia and it also explains the causes of dissatisfaction of Australian. It evaluates and measures the reason of poor job design. It describes how the poor job design affects the employees performance and efficiency. It tells the benefits of proper and adequate job design in an organization. It also explains the techniques and methods to improve and manage the performance of employees. It explains that how the companies enhance the morale and job satisfaction of Australian. Job design is the core task of the human resource management and it is related to the requirements of the methods, contents, and relationship of employment in order to satisfy organizational and technological requirements with personal and social requirements of the job. Job design fixes the responsibilities and duties of the job. Therefore, job design affects the behavior and attitudes of employees. Job design also provides information about the qualification needed for doing the work. If the job is designed efficiently, then highly competent managers will join the association. Job design plays a significant role in an organization to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. The efficient job design improves the profitability and productivity of the company (Cascio, 2015).The various factors affect the job designs, which are discussed below. Organizational factors: Culture, work nature, Ergonomics, workflow are the organizational factors which influence the job design. The company should focus on the organizational factors. Environmental factors: Environmental factors also affect the job design and performance of the employees. These factors include the external factors as well as internal factors of the company. Internal factors include the employee skills and abilities and external factors include the socio- cultural and economic factors (Moran, Abramson, Moran, 2014). Behavioral factors: Behavioral factors include the various elements like diversity, feedback, autonomy and skills, and abilities of employees. These factors also affect the performance of the employees. The poor job design affects the performance of Australian employees. Many Australians workers feel dissatisfied with their jobs due to poor job design. Sometimes employees get disappointed due to poor job satisfaction and they leave the job and they start to search the good opportunities in other industries. Heavy workloads and stress: Heavy workloads also reflect the quality and performance of the organization. However, if the jobs are designed badly, then it will become the reason of high employee turnover, absenteeism, conflicts and other Australians employees problems. Some other factors also influence the job design like proper scope of job, full-time challenges of the job, organizational requirement, managerial skills, organizational structure, individual likes and dislikes, technology and control system. Key reasons of poor job design and job dissatisfaction are discussed below. Underpaid: Underpaid is one of the primary reasons of Australian job dissatisfaction. Mainly, Australian companies do not pay good wages to employees therefore, employees feel dissatisfied with their jobs. Limited career growth and advancement: This also influences the performance of Australians workers and limited career growth and advancement does not provide satisfaction to employees. Poor job design affects the productivity and efficiency of Australians. Lack of interest: A lack of interest is another reason in the workplace therefore, employees feel dissatisfy and unhappy in Australia. Workers want to perform duties and responsibilities which are challenging and engaging. Sometimes companies assign monotonous and repetitive work to employees then they get boredom from such work. It also influences the efficiency of employees. Poor management: The management plays a significant role in an organization. The top management is responsible for planning, organizing, controlling of an organization and it is also responsible for motivating the workers. Due to poor management, employees do not perform duties and responsibilities effectively. It influences the productivity and performance of employees adversely. Managers with poor leadership and management skills also affect the performance of workers (Abdelhak, Grostick Hanken, 2014). Inadequate resources: In Australia, workers do not get the proper resources and facilities for doing the jobs. Thus, it becomes the main cause of job dissatisfaction of Australians employees. The pathetic working environment of the company also affects the job performance of the employees. Lack of transparency: Lack of transparency increases rumors in the organization and it also becomes the main reason of dissatisfaction of Australians workers. It also demotivates and demoralizes the employees. Perceived discrimination: Employees discrimination also influences the efficiency of employees and it is the other cause of poor job design. It also increases the conflicts and grievances among the workers (Rao, 2014). Lack of role clarity: It happens, when incompatible and mismatch roles and responsibilities are assigned to two different workers at the same time. This lack of clarity in Australians creates tension and conflicts between the workers. It also influences the performance of Australians workers. After the various researches, it has been analyzed that office gossip also affects the performance of employees. It also influences the growth of the organization and it is the reason of poor job design in the organization. Poor leadership from the top management: A manager motivates the employees for doing work but sometimes managers do not provide the motivation to employees. The aggressive and arrogant behavior of managers also affects the performance of Australian. After the various researches, it has been observed that all these causes affect the performance and efficiency of Australians so it should be controlled by the organization. The excellent job design plays a significant role in an organization. The effective job design provides information for designing the organizational framework and structure. Therefore, it helps to prepare the organizational structure of the company. It also helps in HR planning, human resource acquisition, and development. It also finds out the number of jobs available in the company. An effective job design not only determines the jobs but it also estimates the minimum skills, qualification, and experience needed to various kinds of jobs. The excellent job design also plays a vital role in human resource acquisition and selection process. It also helps to search right person at the right work in the company (Paill, Chen, Boiral Jin, 2014). Perfect job design reduces the risk of selecting the wrong employees to the job in an organization. It helps to encourage the motivation and efficiency of employees for doing the task. Thus, motivated workers commit for their best productivity, performance, and efficiency at maximum level. Proper job design also provides job satisfaction to employees and it also enhances the morale of the employees (Rothwell, Hohne King, 2012). It also ensures the success of the company. It helps to reduce the conflict and grievances of employees within the organization. The perfect job design also improves the quality of work and it also provides support to maintain a pleasant relationship between management and employees. Positive changes in job design also provide help to change the belief, faith, and attitude of employees to make them positive for the association benefits. Therefore, all these things help to improve and develop the quality of work life. Perfect job design also helps in supervisi on and management and it reduces the cost of supervision. It also helps to implement the changing environment in the organization. It provides support to the achievement of organizational goals and objectives (Knowles, Holton III Swanson, 2014). Employment should be designed in such way that job specifications and requirements should be balanced. It should not be under loaded as well as over loaded, therefore; it should maintain the balance between authorities and responsibilities. The various techniques and methods available for perfect job design in the company. Hence, some of the important methods and techniques are discussed below. Classical method/ approach: The classical method of job design is propounded by the F.W Taylor. In this theory, F. W Taylor focused on the balance of the motion, work and time at work. He designed the theory in such way that productivity and efficiency can be increased effectively. The classical theory uses three methods to perfect job design in the organization. The methods of classical approach are such as job rotation, work simplification and job enlargement (Knowles, Holton III, Swanson, 2014) Behavioral approach/ method: Efficiency and effectiveness depend on the behavior of employees towards the job. Employment should be enough to motivate the employees. The behavioral technique of job design includes some behavioral aspects of workers like task identity, variety, autonomy, feedback mechanism, and task significance. The behavioral approach includes the following method such as job enrichment, autonomous team; modify work schedule method and job characteristics method (Jackson, Schuler, Jiang, 2014). Situational theory: The Situational theory is different from the behavior and classical theories. This theory deals with situation and condition of the company. Human resource management plays an integral role to provide satisfaction to the employees. In todays world, Australian companies are facing emerging challenges in the form of attainment, maintaining, balancing and optimization of human personnel in the organization. They are responsible to solve the problems and consequences of the employees. The human resource management should collect the information about the employees related to their job satisfaction. HR managers should appoint a person who can handle the dispute and conflicts of employees at the workplace. Human resource department should provide the excellent and favorable working environment to employees for doing work. HRM maintains a link between employer and employees (Richey Klein, 2014). Therefore, it should focus on the morale and job satisfaction of employees. The HRM should maintain the good managerial relation with the employees. It will provide motivation to employees. It should provide the fair and adequate remune ration and compensation to workers to competent employees. It will enhance the working capacity of employees. Now it is assumed that HRM plays a significant role in the company success and it will also provide job satisfaction to Australians employees. An Australian company cannot survive its business without human resource management so HRM is essential in every organization. It also reduces the absenteeism, employees turnover and job stress of Australians workers. HRM maintains discipline in the organization for doing work (Finn, 2011). Human resource management uses various techniques to improve and manage the employees performance. They are discussed below. Set clear expectations: It is the important technique to improve and manage the employees performance. HR managers should continue manage and set the expectations of Australians. Train managers: Train managers provide training to new and underperforming employees. In this way, they help to improve the efficiency and performance of the employees (Ehnert, Harry Zink, 2013). Use SMART goals: SMART goals stands for specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time bound. Therefore, it encourages the people to achieve the goals and objectives. Give timely and frequent feedback: Feedback plays a significant role to evaluate and measure the employees performance. If the employee is doing good work then senior managers give positive feedback of the employee. If the employee is not doing work effectively then it can affect the performance of employee. So the human resource management should take timely feedback of the employees (Berman, Bowman, West, Van Wart, 2012). Focus on morale: It is the integral technique to improve and manage the performance of Australians employees. Human resource management should focus on the morale and self-esteem of Australians (Marler Parry, 2016) Human resource management can take various steps to improve the poor job design and provide job satisfaction to employees at the workplace. The various steps are discussed below. Provide a positive working environment: HR managers should provide the positive working environment to employees for providing satisfaction to employees. Therefore, it is one of the important factors to improve the poor job design. In addition, the company should provide some extra services to employees like childcare information, employee discount program, check cashing and money order. Thus, it will encourage the motivation of employees and it will also increase the productivity of the company (Card Krueger, 2015). Reward and recognition: Reward and recognition is a powerful tool to build morale and motivation of the employees. HR managers should provide the reward and recognition to competent and potential workers. In this way, the company can create a good working environment in the organization (Wright, Guest Paauwe, 2015) Develop workers skills and potential: The Company can develop the worker's skills and potential through training and development programs. Training and learning programs make employees more innovative and productive for doing work in the organization. Training and development programs play a vital role in an organization to improve the poor job design. Well trained employees are more capable to perform their task effectively. Well trained employees do not need more supervision, they can perform the task individually also. It will help to build a good relationship between management and employees (Saleem, 2015). Measure and evaluate the job satisfaction: It is the never ending process, thus the main objective of the evaluation is to analyze and measure the progress and it also improves the performance of employees. It also helps to evaluate and measure the attitudes, motivation, and morale of the employees. Encourage teamwork: HR managers should encourage team work and maintain cooperation among Australians to improve the poor job design in the organization. Teamwork is the biggest motivators to encourage the employees for doing work. In teamwork, people work together and they share their ideas and thoughts. Therefore, it provides benefits to new employees because they learn many things from their seniors (Guest, Paauwe Wright, 2012). Be transparent: Lack of transparency is the important cause of poor job design so HR managers should maintain the transparency in the organization. Transparency is one of the effective ways to encourage the employees for doing work and it builds trust among Australian employees (Kaufman, 2015) Provide adequate resources: Human resource department should provide the proper and adequate resource to the employee. In Australia, many companies do not provide the basic facilities to employees, therefore, it affects the performance of Australian. In this way, HR managers can improve the poor job design in the Australia (Rummler Brache, 2012). Communicate effectively: Communication is the important key to improve the poor job design and provide satisfaction to employees. It will improve the productivity and efficiency of employees for doing the job (Van Tiem, Moseley Dessinger, 2012). Job satisfaction of employees provides various benefits to the company as well as employees also. After the many research, it has been studied that job satisfaction improves the communication in the organization. It also improves the attitudes and values of Australians employees. Proper job design and job satisfaction also help to find out the causes of indirect productivity problems. It will improve the poor quality of work and it also improves the effectiveness of organization (Bratton Gold, 2012). Through job satisfaction of employees, the company can attain the organizational goals and objectives. Further, job satisfaction also maintains coordination and cooperation between employers and employees. Production and productivity of the association depend on the job satisfaction of employees. Performance appraisal is also an important key factor to evaluate the job performance of employees. It also enhances the morale and satisfaction level of Australians workers (Zairi, 2012). If t he employees satisfy with their jobs then they give innovative ideas and thoughts to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. There are several HR practices also play a significant role to improve the performance of Australians. The various HR practices include placement practice, compensation practice, training practice, human resource planning, motivational forces, promotion practices, performance appraisal system, compensation system and recruitment and selection practices. All these HR practices can provide the job satisfaction to employees (Banfield Kay, 2012). Now it is concluded that proper job design plays a significant role in every organization. In Australia, many employees have dissatisfied the poor quality of work and inadequate job design. Therefore, HR managers must promote the productivity and efficiency of Australians employees. HR managers play important role in the company because they maintain a link between managers and employees (Marchington, Wilkinson, Donnelly Kynighou, 2016). Human resource management implements various rules, policies, and strategies in the company. They play a major role in organizational success and progress. Thus, without human resource management, an organization cannot survive its business for a long time period. The Australian companies should make proper and adequate job design for the employees and they should provide job satisfaction to employees. A proper job design helps to improve and manage the performance of Australian employees. It also helps to achieve organizational goals and objectives . Every organization should use the effective job design policies and method. References Abdelhak, M., Grostick, S. and Hanken, M.A., 2014.Health Information-E-Book: Management of a Strategic Resource. Elsevier Health Sciences. Jackson, S.E., Schuler, R.S. and Jiang, K., 2014. An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.Academy of Management Annals,8(1), pp.1-56. Berman, E.M., Bowman, J.S., West, J.P. and Van Wart, M.R., 2012.Human resource management in public service: Paradoxes, processes, and problems. Sage. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Card, D. and Krueger, A.B., 2015.Myth and measurement: The new economics of the minimum wage. Princeton University Press. Cascio, W.F., 2015. Strategic HRM: Too important for an insular approach.Human Resource Management,54(3), pp.423-426. Ehnert, I., Harry, W. and Zink, K.J. eds., 2013.Sustainability and human resource management: Developing sustainable business organizations. Springer Science Business Media. Knowles, M.S., Holton III, E.F. and Swanson, R.A., 2014.The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resource development. Routledge. Finn, D., 2011.Job Services Australia: design and implementation lessons for the British context. Department for Work and Pensions. Guest, D.E., Paauwe, J. and Wright, P. eds., 2012.HRM and performance: Achievements and challenges. John Wiley Sons. Kaufman, B.E., 2015. Evolution of strategic HRM as seen through two founding books: a 30th anniversary perspective on development of the field.Human Resource Management,54(3), pp.389-407. Knowles, M.S., Holton III, E.F. and Swanson, R.A., 2014.The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resource development. Routledge. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R. and Kynighou, A., 2016.Human resource management at work. Kogan Page Publishers. Marler, J.H. and Parry, E., 2016. Human resource management, strategic involvement and e-HRM technology.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,27(19), pp.2233-2253. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Paill, P., Chen, Y., Boiral, O. and Jin, J., 2014. The impact of human resource management on environmental performance: An employee-level study.Journal of Business Ethics,121(3), pp.451-466. Rao, T.V., 2014.HRD audit: Evaluating the human resource function for business improvement. SAGE Publications India. Richey, R.C. Klein, J.D., 2014.Design and development research: Methods, strategies, and issues. Routledge. Rothwell, W.J., Hohne, C.K. and King, S.B., 2012.Human performance improvement. Routledge. Rummler, G.A. and Brache, A.P., 2012.Improving performance: How to manage the white space on the organization chart. John Wiley Sons. Saleem, H., 2015. The impact of leadership styles on job satisfaction and mediating role of perceived organizational politics.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,172, pp.563-569. Van Tiem, D., Moseley, J.L. and Dessinger, J.C., 2012.Fundamentals of performance improvement: Optimizing results through people, process, and organizations. John Wiley Sons. Wright, P.M., Guest, D. and Paauwe, J., 2015. Off the Mark: Response to Kaufman's Evolution of Strategic HRM.Human Resource Management,54(3), pp.409-415. Zairi, M., 2012.Measuring performance for business results. Springer Science Business Media.

Employees Motivation on Organizational Performance - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Employees Motivation on Organizational Performance. Answer: Introduction Motivations of the employees have a major role to play in ensuring the success of a business organization. The lack of motivation among the employees will result in the loss of the business profit. One of the major ways of motivation that can use in the business organizations is the use of effective supply chain management. The involvement of the employees in the supply chain works as a motivation for the employees and ensures employee motivation. This assignment highlights the background of the study, along with highlighting the project aim, objectives and the research questions. The various complex theories of the supply chain management are effective in ensuring that motivations of the employees are achieved. Motivation of the employees is important in order to ensure the success of the business organization. Employee motivation is achieved through a variety of factors. These include understanding and fulfilling the needs of the employees, along with ensuring that the employee nee ds are fulfilled. Moreover, various motivational theories are also used in order to improve upon the working capability. The supply chain management is one of the most important activities that are carried out in any business organization. Collaboration among the various components of the supply chain ensures the effectiveness of the supply chain. However, the supply chain and its effectiveness lie in the effective working of the employees of the business organization. The employees of the business organization need to work efficiently, in order to ensure the effective supply chain management. Among the various ways of motivations, the use of the effective supply chain to motivate the employees. It has been highlighted that effective communication has a key role to play in ensuring motivation among the employees as well as ensuring effective supply chain management. The clarity in communication ensures effective supply chain management thus ensuring motivation among the employees. The efficient supply chain enhances the business of the organization, thus resulting in the offering high incentives and re wards to the employees. This results in employee satisfaction and employee retention. However, in recent times it has been highlighted that the employees tend to lose motivation, pertaining to various factors. The assurance of workplace safety, the positive organizational behavior, along with effective supply chain management, ensures the achievement of employee motivation. The aim of the research is to use the supply chain management to enhance the motivation among the employees. The research also aims to use various theories in order to ensure enhance the supply chain management, in order to motivate the employees successfully. Research Objectives To analyze the effectiveness of the supply chain management, as a way of motivation To analyze how the efficiency of the supply chain management helps in motivating the employees To evaluate the use of theories that can be used to improve the performance of the employees To recommend various other ways to enhance motivation among the employee Research Questions How to use the effective supply chain management as a way of motivation How does effective supply chain help in motivating the employees What theories could be used to improve the performance of the employees What recommendations could be added to enhance motivation among the employees Literature review The key capacity of production network administration is to incorporate the arrangement of free market activity. Coordination and joint effort with the channel accomplices and with the clients are the essential components of the production network administration. Grosvold et al., (2014), have featured upon the significance of successful correspondence that can help in the effectiveness of the inventory network administration and in this way help to enhance the profitability. It is essential for every one of the individuals inside the production network administration share all key data that can help in successful correspondence process. This can help every other individual from store network administration to react proficiently as indicated by specific circumstance (Forsyth, 2006). As new item or administrations are being conveyed at slower rate, it empowers the laborers to act effectively as indicated by each circumstance along these lines help in the profitability of the associatio n. Combination of the store network administration is likewise one of the vital perspectives to lessen the cost of stock (Beske et al., 2014). Production network administration of Wal-Mart is one of the great cases to comprehend the significance of mix. Providers of Wal-Mart give them the most recent data identified with request of the item, which can help the organization to locate the best course of conveyance to the clients. Keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish the full level incorporation of production network administration, it is basic for every one of the specialists of the division to work productively with a specific end goal to conquer the test of Information sharing. It is additionally critical for them to take after a specific Protocol keeping in mind the end goal to have better method of correspondence among the inward network. (Beske Seuring 2014), have included the setting that coordinated effort among systems and laborers is one of the greatest quality in-store network administration. All the significant driving organizations give abnormal state of preparing to the labourers keeping in mind the end goal to inspire them to keep up cooperation and incorporation that can at last help in better efficiency of store network administration. It is additionally critical for the labourers to have most recent information and data identified with store network so as to viably convey the item. The y additionally need data identified with request inside the client gatherings, so as to give fantastic administration. The examination paper of (Beske Seuring 2014) featured upon the significance of ramifications of Sustainable store network administration hones that can enhance the efficiency of an association. The general rate of generation and the merchandise that is being conveyed to the clients are totally subject to execution of the production network administration. As indicated by (Turker Altuntas 2014), the practical inventory network administration can be viewed as one of the significant components to enhance the general efficiency and furthermore keep up abnormal state of worker inspiration. Inventory network administration is viewed as an imperative part in the general assembling process in the building firms. (Genovese et al., 2017), have said about the significance of green inventory network administration that is likewise one of the imperative parts to maintain the worker inspiration with the assistance of manageable advancement. Agreeing to (Collins Amabile 2009), it is imperative to concentrate upon worker inspiration with a specific end goal to enhance the general efficiency of an association. It is essential for the association in this setting to actualize successful hypothesis of representative inspiration with a specific end goal to make full utilization of the capability of the specialists. Dealing with the inspiration level of worker has been one of the significant difficulties of all pioneers inside an association. The abnormal state of representative inspiration can likewise lessen the turnover rate of specialists. It can be additionally said in the setting that there are distinctive ways that associations need to execute so as to propel diverse kind of laborers. There are diverse motivational hypotheses that are actualized by the association relying on the state of the work environment. There is the hypothesis of Hackman Oldham that propose that it is vital to enhance the destinations of a vocati on so as to enhance the aptitude level of the representatives (Osabiya, 2015). The research identified with reasonable production network administration is additionally a coordinated piece of representative inspiration (Ganta, 2014). It is essential to specify in the setting that with supportable business advancement it is feasible for the association to set up long-haul association with every one of their representatives. This solid relationship can be one of the main considerations that can help in the improvement procedure of representative inspiration. By and large, the hierarchical execution is totally reliant upon the motivational hypothesis that has been connected in setting of a circumstance. It is additionally critical to say in the setting that the best routine with regards to store network administration is identified with the manageable business improvement process. This can guarantee better profitability from the association in long-terms. The components of the practical production network administration are one of the fundamental parts of financia l improvement of the association. The profitability of inventory network administration is absolutely needy upon social and natural results of the exercises identified with systems administration (K. Roehrich, Grosvold Hoejmose, 2014). It is likewise vital to specify that the training identified with manageable production network is the best structures that can help in the issue identified with keeping up conventional exercises. As the components of Sustainable store network administration are executed inside the framework it is imperative for designing business structures to have better efficiency and put more in the general working. This venture is one of the ways to propel the providers and urge them to utilize ideal systems of the production network. This can be effectively conceivable in all types of store network administration exercises of substantial scale building firms that can help during the time spent managing the issue identified with most recent types of data. It is essential for these associations to have abnormal state of inspiration that can be kept up by putting more in the manageability of store network administration. With manageable practice inside the inventory network, it is conceivable to manage the test of the poor working execution of the laborers in production network division. According to (Pagelland Wu, 2009), significant development ability that is fundamental part to keep up supportability in production network and can likewise make positive administration state of mind towards the specialists. Administrative part of the production network administration is additionally a coordinated part that can keep up the maintainability and inspiration inside the store network administration work. Maslows theory of motivation Maslow's theory of motivation highlight the various needs among the employees at least be fulfilled by the employer in order to motivate them successfully. Maslow has identified the various needs of an employee in 5 stages (Beske, Land Seuring, 2014). The first stage highlights the physiological needs this includes the basic needs of food shelter and clothing. These needs have to be fulfilled by the employer in order to achieve motivation among the employees. When the physiological needs of the employees had fulfilled the next stage comes the safety needs. The safety needs include the physical safety workplace safety financial safety of the employees. These have to be insured by the employer in order to achieve employee motivation as well as employee retention. In the 3rd stage, the love need or the need of belongingness needs to be fulfilled by the employer. The needs of socialization love friendship have to be fulfilled by the employer in the next stage the esteem needs of an empl oyee has to be fulfilled. This includes self-respect exploring one's potential and fulfilling the aspirations of an employee. In the final stage in the self-actualization stage self-realization have to be ensured by the employer. If these needs are fulfilled by the employer when the employee is supposed to be motivated successfully employee motivation helps in retention of the employee. This also reduces the yearly turnover of the employees from a particular organization. Thus, motivation has a key role to play in ensuring that employee satisfaction and retention is carried out successfully. The research methodology employs the most appropriate research approach, research design, and research strategy and research philosophy. The research methodology has to be chosen diligently, such that the chosen research methodology matches with that of the chosen topic of research (Mackey Gass, 2015). For this research, the positivism research philosophy has been chosen, along with the deductive research approach and descriptive research design. These approaches will be explained below. Secondary data has been used for the purpose of data analysis. The researcher collected secondary data from various peer-reviewed journals, books, and articles (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). The selection of the most appropriate methodology is essential in order to ensure the research being carried out successfully. Research philosophy The selection of the research philosophy is important, as it assists in collecting the detailed information regarding the research topic. The research philosophy assists in explanation of the research topic in an appropriate manner (Flick, 2015). The researcher selects the positivism philosophy, in order to ensure that the research is carried out successfully (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). The positivism philosophy adheres to the factual knowledge, that is gained from the observation. When the researcher chooses the positivism philosophy, the researcher is expected to collect data and interpret them successfully. This is done through the objective approaches and using the findings of the research, that the researcher has collected using observations (Mackey Gass, 2015). The various types of research philosophies that are commonly used include positivism, interpretivism, and realism. Positivism supports the scientific research, whereas interpretivism is used for complex business re search. Realism is applicable in case of human beliefs and interactions (Flick, 2015). For the completion of this research, the positivism philosophy is used. This is because; it supports the researcher to work with the theories and facts, along with the theoretical information (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). This philosophy ensures that the discussion is carried out in a scientific manner. Moreover, it also helps in reducing misinterpretation of the data, collected for the research. Thus, for this particular research study, the researcher has selected the positivism philosophies. This has helped the researcher to carry out the research in a logical manner. The researcher does not prefer to use the realism and interpretivism. This is because the interpretivism philosophy is based on human perception. However, realism is based on the outcome of the study. Hence, the positivist approach could be best to analyze the need of supply chain management for achieving employee motivation. Research approach The research approach provides a framework for the research. The research approach is classified into two main categories. These include the inductive approach and the deductive approach. The researchers use the inductive research when they are unable to collect sufficient data from the various available sources. This approach follows and focuses on building of new theories (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). However, in the deductive research approach, the practical application of the various theories related to the research topic is used. Using this research approach, the researcher is able to collect secondary data. From the collected data, new concepts could be building, with more specifications. For carrying out this research, the deductive approach has been selected (Flick, 2015). For this research, the deductive approach has been used (Mackey Gass, 2015). The deductive approach takes the help of the existing theories and models that are related to the selected topic. The inducti ve method is not chosen by the researcher, since development of new theories and models cannot be provided by the researcher, in order to mold the research in the direction, which will facilitate the research work. The research designs that are usually followed by the researchers include the descriptive design, explanatory design, and exploratory design. Using the descriptive design, a detailed research is carried out by the researcher on the given topic. The exploratory design helps the researcher to conduct the initial stages of the study that are based on hypothesis (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). The explanatory research design helps in development of relation between two existing variables. For this research, the researcher has chosen the descriptive design. The researcher has chosen the descriptive design for this research. The researcher has been able to develop in-depth idea of various theories and models (Flick, 2015). This research design has also helped the researcher to critically analyze the need of supply chain management for the achievement of the employee motivation. Research strategy The various research strategies that are undertaken by the researcher includes case studies, focus groups, survey methods, interview questions and secondary research. In this research, the researcher chooses the secondary research on the related topic (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). Various peer-reviewed books and journals have been reviewed for secondary data collection. The importance of motivation lies in the fact that effective motivation the employees are able to work successfully in a business organization along with achievement of the Employee satisfaction and retention. Thus, motivating the employees successfully is important and essential for any business organization. Without motivation, the employees will not be aligned to work towards the achievement of the organizational goals. The supply chain is used as an effective way motivating Employees with the efficiency in the supply chain, communication, and collaboration among the employees enhance the interpersonal relationships among them along with ensuring that the supply chain is efficient in supplying all the goods and services to the customers without any delay. Moreover, with efficient supply chain the business of an organization is likely to increase does result in my rewards and incentives are given to the Employees. These rewards and incentives intern act as a motivation for the employees does achieving employee retention and employee satisfaction. Conclusion Motivational of the employees is an essential factor that has a key role to play in ensuring employee satisfaction and employee retention in any business organization. Motivating employees could be done by successfully fulfilling the needs of the employees along with giving them rewards and monetary benefits for the high performance that they give in fulfilling the goals of the business organization. It is important that the employees of any business organization are motivated successfully to work towards a common goal that is set by the organization. Supply chain management is one of the essential factors of imbibing motivation among the employees. In order to ensure efficiency in the supply chain management clarity in communication and collaboration among the employees has to be done, thus enhancing the employee interpersonal relationship. Efficient supply chain management the business of the organization is likely to be enhanced does earn high profit and giving high incentive and monetary rewards to the Employees resulting in employee satisfaction employee retention and finally employee motivation.Hence employee motivation an efficient Supply Chain Management related to each other without the successful fulfillment of the other. References Beske, P., Seuring, S. (2014). Putting sustainability into supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: an international journal, 19(3), 322-331. Beske, P., Land, A., Seuring, S. (2014). Sustainable supply chain management practices and dynamic capabilities in the food industry: A critical analysis of the literature. International Journal of Production Economics, 152, 131-143. Brandenburg, M., Govindan, K., Sarkis, J., Seuring, S. (2014). Quantitative models for sustainable supply chain management: Developments and directions. European Journal of Operational Research, 233(2), 299-312. Collins, M. A., Amabile, T. M. (2009).I5 motivation and creativity.Handbook of creativity,297, 1051-1057. Engineering Management, 16(1), 22-23. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Forsyth, P. (2006). Motivating your staff [positive staff motivation]. Ganta, V. C. (2014). Motivation in the workplace to improve the employee performance.International Journal of Engineering Technology,2(6), 221-230. Genovese, A., Acquaye, A. A., Figueroa, A., Koh, S. L. (2017). Sustainable supply chain management and the transition towards a circular economy: Evidence and some applications. Omega, 66, 344-357. Grosvold, J., U. Hoejmose, S., K. Roehrich, J. (2014). Squaring the circle: Management, measurement and performance of sustainability in supply chains.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 19(3), 292-305. Roehrich, J., Grosvold, J., U. Hoejmose, S. (2014). Reputational risks and sustainable supply chain management: Decision making under bounded rationality. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 34(5), 695-719. Manzoor, Q. A. (2012). Impact of employees motivation on organizational effectiveness.Business management and strategy,3(1), 1. Osabiya, B. J. (2015). The effect of employees motivation on organizational performance.Journal of public administration and policy research,7(4), 62-75 Pagell, M., Wu, Z. (2009).Building a more complete theory of sustainable supply chain management using case studies of 10 exemplars.Journal of supply chain management,45(2), 37-56. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Turker, D., Altuntas, C. (2014). Sustainable supply chain management in the fast fashion industry: An analysis of corporate reports. European Management Journal, 32(5), 837-849.

Mental Turbulence free essay sample

The lessons we take from failure can be fundamental to later success. Recount an incident or time when you experienced failure. How did it affect you, and what did you learn from the experience? Mental Turbulence With all the anger and pain I accumulated over my lifetime, I wrenched my hand into a fist and launched one devastating punch at my demonic reflection. The mirror shattered on impact, spewing out shards of glass in every direction. After a moment of silence, reality cleared my mind. My head dropped, and my eyes narrowed in on my hand now covered in blood and regret. I can’t do this anymore! The anger burned my throat as my mind screamed in agony. I want to die. My junior year of high school was suppose to be challenging, according to every parent and teacher who I talked to, but I never expected it to turn out the way it did for me. We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Turbulence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The start was just how I expected, stressful but manageable. Then, in the second semester of my junior year, my stress got the best of me and my life crumbled before my eyes. It started in Pre-Calc, I hated the class to begin with, but I pushed myself through the first semester hoping that Calculus would be more enjoyable. My goal from the time I was in eighth grade was to take calculus in high school so I could be one step ahead in college, but things weren’t looking up based on my performance in the classroom. It took me one test to realize that I was completely and utterly unprepared for what was to come. Physically exhausted, my expectations I was setting for myself were influencing my behavior. The days dragged on, and nobody was there for me other than my family and Vicky, my girlfriend. Practically every other day I was having a severe panic attack which made me start to miss school. I sank deeper and deeper into a pit of depression and anxiety as I fell behind in my studies. As my self-esteem dropped my views on my life did as well. With nothing going my way it seemed like I was getting in the way of everyone else around me, dragging them down with my sorrow. I felt like running away from everything was my best opinion, but I knew it would not help me in the long scheme of things. In my parents eyes, the next step for me was getting help. They looked into every possible therapy and counseling center they could. They began to make a binder full of medications and doctor recommendations. Nothing was off limits if it meant helping me find inner peace. By the end of April, I had visited the emergency room three times to be in a safe environment opposed to my bedroom where I had the privacy to suffer alone. I can still vividly remember the high-tech hospital beds that smelled like freshly washed laundry. It made me feel comfortable amid the chaos. After that third visit, my mom sat me down and through tears, cried â€Å"There is a spot that just opened up†¦ at the Center†¦for Mental health†¦ and if we respond today, you can get help there.† Is this the right thing to do? What if I didn’t know if this was a positive step to take or not, but I reluctantly agreed, â€Å"I will go, it’s for the best.† I wanted to stay in the comfort of my home, but I knew I couldn’t get better without some drastic change in my life. No matter how hard I tried I could not break free from this feeling of worthlessness, I needed something new, something different. At the Center, my life was completely different. I couldn’t open a door without asking a superior.Cellphones, shoes, or contact with anyone on the campus was not allowed. I met others in various states all trying to find themselves and change their outlook on life. The first night there I sat listening to a girl scream herself to sleep while a group of leaders tried to help her remain calm. In the back of my mind, I still hear her cry for help when I think about the Center. Looking back on my experience, I reflect on the good and the bad that came from being admitted to the Center. Talking to the friendly faculty, I was able to better understand how life would be like after I left the safety of the Center. Although I hated every moment away from independence and my family, I’m grateful for being able to participate in the program. I will especially remember the group decisions I was a part of where we learned how to use skills to control stress in our life. If it wasn’t for my decision to go to the Center, I’m not sure if I would be alive today. Today I still deal with stress and anxiety, but I have experience, family, and skills that I have learned to help me successfully control my anxiety. It was hard to realize that anxiety is something you can’t get rid of, but I know that by changing the way I think about situations I can not just handle adversity but excel in it. One of the many skills that I learned at the Center was mindful thinking. That means being open minded and focused on positive thoughts. To do that you have to first be honest with yourself. For me, that meant realizing that I have weaknesses. I am not perfect. Then you share these observations with others and develop a plan to get better. Personally, I talked to my parents about these areas of difficulty and developed a plan to make these weaknesses, strengths. Finally, you act, fail, and progress. College will require me to use mindful thinking because there will be stressful scenarios. I will stumble. That is the truth, but I know I can persevere and grow by overcoming these challenges.

Preferred Abbreviation for United States (US or U.S.)

Preferred Abbreviation for United States (US or U.S.) Even though the question of how to abbreviate  the  United States seems straightforward, as it happens, theres more than one preferred way to write it. But before getting into that, lets get it out of the way first to note that if your usage of the country name is a noun, spell it out rather than abbreviating it. If its an adjective, then how to do so becomes the question. (And obviously, if youre writing something formal, youll want to follow the style guide to which  youre assigned to adhere.) Use Periods In general, newspaper style guides  in the United States (in particular, the Associated Press Stylebook (AP) and The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage) recommend U.S. (periods, no space).  The American Psychological Association (APA) Publication Manual, which is used for writing academic papers, agrees about using the periods. In headlines under AP style, however, its  postal style US (no periods). And the abbreviated form of United States of America is USA (no periods).   Dont Use Periods- Sometimes Scientific style guides say to omit periods in capitalized abbreviations; thus render them  US  and USA (no periods, no spaces).  The Chicago Manual of Style (2017) agrees- but Chicago allows for exceptions: Use no periods with abbreviations that appear in full capitals, whether two letters or more and even if lowercase letters appear within the abbreviation: VP, CEO, MA, MD, PhD, UK, US, NY, IL (but see the next rule).In publications using traditional state abbreviations, use periods to abbreviate United States and its states and territories: U.S., N.Y., Ill. Note, however, that Chicago recommends using the two-letter postal codes (and therefore US) wherever abbreviations are used. So what to do? Choose either U.S. or US  for the piece youre writing and then stick with it, or follow the guidance that your instructor, publisher, or client prefers. As long as youre consistent in usage, neither way will look like an error. Legal Citations in Bibliographies, Footnotes, Etc. If youre using Chicago style and have legal-context citations in your bibliography, reference list, footnotes, or endnotes, youll use periods, such as in Supreme Court decisions, statute numbering, and the like. For example, when a law is incorporated into the United States Code, it has a U.S.C. designation, such as here, in this example note from Chicago: Homeland Security Act of 2002, 6 U.S.C.  § 101 (2012). In the case of Supreme Court decisions, theyre attributed to the  United States Reports  (abbreviated U.S.), like in this note: Citizens United, 558 U.S. at 322. Next, a  note referencing the U.S. Constitution is abbreviated U.S. Const. British Style Guidance Note that British style guides  recommend US (no periods, no space) in all cases: Do not use full points in abbreviations, or spaces between initials, including those in proper names: US, mph, eg, 4am, Ibw, MS, No 10, AN Wilson, WH Smith, etc. (Guardian Style, 2010). Because American and British styles differ, notes Amy Einsohn, CBE [Scientific Style and Format: The CE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers] recommends eliminating periods in most abbreviations as the most efficient way to create an international style (The Copyeditors Handbook, 2007).

Democracy and capitalism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Democracy and capitalism - Research Paper Example More importantly, it was argued, this entrepreneurial class would enforce democratic structures in the localities in which they operated. In other words, â€Å"by producing economic wealth and an entrepreneurial class, capitalism inevitably produces democracy. And since democracies don't start wars or have expansionist proclivities--forget, for the moment, Theodore Roosevelt and imperialist Britain--capitalist-democratic development contributes to security and to world peace.† (Foulkes, 2006, p.22) There is evidence from recent political history to support this benign linkage of capitalism and democracy. For example, â€Å"Entrepreneurial capitalism became more dominant in the America of Ronald Reagan than it had been before, and job growth and record-breaking prosperity followed. In Britain, Margaret Thatcher reversed almost four decades of socialism and changed her country from the sick man of Europe into one positioned for long-term, non-inflationary growth. Meanwhile, the Soviet economy was shown to be like the Wizard of Oz--an imposing facade, but impotent and powerless at its core. Put these events together and you have an unassailable proof that capitalism produces a level of economic welfare that a planned economy simply cannot emulate.† (Stelzer, 1994, p.32) And, when we scan the performance of capitalist regimes in other parts of the world, the links between capitalism, prosperity and democracy becomes incontestable. After all, in recent times, capitalism in countries such as Chile, Taiwan and South Korea have resulted in both economic progress as well as democracy establishment. In the newly remodeled Russian political system too, we see the formation of glasnost (democratization) and perestroika (economic restructuring) marching hand in hand. (Friedman, 2007, p.46) Nothing exemplifies the successes of capitalism than the recent developments in India and China. By participating in financial globalization, countries with abundance of che ap labour such as India and China are primed to assume leadership position in another 10-15 years. While Mao Zedong was the father of the Communist China, his successor Deng Xiaoping must be credited for the nation’s progress toward prosperity. It was under his leadership that the party ratified and implemented the ‘Four Modernizations’ program that would propel China onto the global stage, where it is fast approaching leadership position. This ambitious program of sweeping economic reforms opened China to the outside world in more than strictly economic sense. In the case of India, it’s huge pool of skilled workers, who have the added advantage of proficiency in English language, have been the engine of economic growth. The re-election of Manmohan Singh as the Prime Minister is also a positive development from an economic perspective, for it was he who initiated India as a participant in globalization in 1991. China, on the other hand, started participati ng in the process of globalization much before India did. As a result, its economy is more than twice that of India and is catching up fast with that of the United States and Japan. Some of the South American countries such as Venezuela and Russia (rich in oil resources) and Brazil (rich in natural resources) also pose a threat to American domination of global economy. In fact, American media believes that the threat

Dracula chapter 1-12 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dracula chapter 1-12 - Essay Example During his travels, he gets several hints that he is heading into great danger, but he tries to talk these fears away, even after he meets his host, a very creepy man who has many of the characteristics we today recognize as being vampires. Harker becomes a prisoner of the castle and has many disturbing experiences. His entries end with his desperate plan of escape, knowing he is about to lose his soul to an evil creature or creatures. The story then picks up through a variety of communication forms – letters, journal entries, newspaper articles, etc. These more fully flesh out Mina and introduce the characters Lucy Westenra, John Seward (a physician at the lunatic asylum near Dracula’s new London home), Dutch doctor Van Helsing, the lunatic Rensing and a few other minor characters. Through these pieces of correspondence, the reader learns about the arrival of Dracula to Britain and the mysterious illness that befalls Lucy, eventually leading to her death by the end of Chapter 12, as she is treated by Seward and Van Helsing. Mina escapes Lucy’s fate in these chapters because she is called away to Buda Pest in order to help nurse Harker, who was found suffering from brain fever. She returns to England just in time to hear about Lucy’s death. Reading through these chapters was enlightening. Although I thought I knew the story, I had never realized the strange way that it is delivered, as a series of writings made by the characters themselves. This approach continuously reminded me to view the story from the characters’ perspectives rather than my own. When I was reading about the warnings of the villagers and the description of Dracula, my own experience told me the character is obviously a vampire and Harker is already trapped. Looking at it from the character’s perspective though, I suddenly realized that everything I think I know about vampires

Hawaiin Punch Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hawaiin Punch - Case Study Example The marketing division plans on using social media so as to change from child centered focus to the actual purchaser (mothers). The company plans to reach to the Hispanic mothers, African American mothers as well as the multicultural and urban children. Through social media, the company can market its innovated brands. The new brands developed by the company were inspired by Hispanic flavors which also attracted the non Hispanic households. Since the new flavors were solely sold through the finished goods network, social media can be employed to increase their awareness on the end users as well as well as the indirect users. Currently the Company’s sales stand at $66, 262,410 realized through analog and print media. Through employment of social media, the soft drink company can later on evaluate the impact of social media from its sales volume. Social media advertising has the advantage of causing longer shelf time effect at lower costs. The company incurs extra allowances on payment of shelf space on new flavors with varied package sizes to the retailers. The allowance prices for the juice drink aisle and juice ranged from $15,000 to $250,000 per SKU for supermarket space. The amounts rise to $2.8 million allowance-cost per SKU for a national supermarket distribution shelf space. Based on the U.S per capita beverage consumption, the carbonated soft drinks consumption in 2004 were a solid 52.3 gallons which constitutes 28.7% market share. In 2004, the Hawaiian Punch producing Company made a profit of $66,262,410 which was majorly realized through analog and print advertising. Currently the product has a 94% brand recognition in the USA which is an exemplary figure in reference to its market share. In 2004, the company incurred 78% expense in cost of goods sold which was significantly contributed by its huge advertisement costs. The company has bears an enormous task in evaluating its brand equity, its direct consumers and trade consumers.

The History Of Behaviourism Psychology Essay

The History Of Behaviourism Psychology Essay During the decades 1930-1960, behaviourism represented the mainstream of experimental psychology (Jean-Claude Lecas, 2006). Central idea of behaviourism simply means A science of behaviour is possible (William M. Baum, 1994). While, behaviourists are group of individual which have diverse views about what this proposition means, and particularly about what science is and what behaviour is. Most of the behaviourist agrees that there can be a science of behaviour (William M. Baum, 1994). Behaviourists call the science of behaviour as behaviour analysis and are part of the psychology and this result the contention happen among behaviourist and psychologist due to many psychologists disagree psychology is a part of science while those regard it as a science consider its subject matter something other than behaviour. After the debate, behaviourism has been consider as a philosophy of science which related to a manner why we do, what we do, and what we should and should not do. In a more d irect way, behaviourism is an approach which offers an alternative view that often runs counter to traditional thinking about action (William M. Baum, 1994). Early Behaviourist There are some of the famous early behaviourist which contributes for the early behaviourism such as John Watson, Edwin Guthrie, Clark Hull, Edward Lee Thorndike, Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov, and B.F. Skinner. 1. Edward L. Thorndike (1874-1949) Edward Thorndike started young and continued his scientific output until his death at nearly 75 years old. He was a type of people dislike any abstract discussion not tied closely to concrete facts because what he wrote was based directly on data, usually on new data. Thorndike had made a superior undergraduate record at Wesleyan University, 1891-95 (Robert s. Woodworth. 1952). After that he went to Harvard for his graduate study. In the second year of his graduate study, Thorndike undertook a research project of the experimental study of the instinctive and intelligent behaviour of young chicks. Through his laboratory study of animal learning, demonstrate that animal behaviour observed under experimental conditions could help solve the general problems of psychology. The first published paper by Thorndike was Animal Intelligence which announced a new law of learning, additional to the old standard laws of association, and emerges of theory of learning. On his study, Edward placed ch icks, cats or dogs in a problem situation where alternative responses were possible and the first response was unlikely to be successful. The question of this study was whether the animal, perhaps after much trial and error, would learn to do the right thing in the situation-and how rapid his learning might be. Through this study, understand that in a series of trials the unsuccessful responses would fade out and the correct response would occur more and more quickly. The effect or outcome of any response was thus a powerful factor in its elimination or establishment (Robert s. Woodworth. 1952). Apart from the first study, Thorndike carry out a series of other study, one of it was transfer experiment. On this study, he give a person intensive training in some narrow field and then test that persons abilities in a more inclusive field and determine how much improvement could be demonstrated beyond the limits of the special training. Through this experiment, it showed a meager transfer effect, the ability developed by training in one line of work was specific and did not spread to other lines of work except when what had been learned could be utilized in a concrete way. Both of his study mention above led up to Thorndikes celebrated theory of the specificity of abilities (Robert s. Woodworth. 1952). 2. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936) Pavlov was a physician which worked as an experimental laboratory scientist. On 1883, Pavlov had developed his theory of nervism which he defined as a physiological theory which tries to prove that the nervous system controls the greatest possible number of bodily functions. Apart from that, he had won the Nobel Prize in 1904 due to their publication on the developed of a small part of the stomach called the Pavlov pouch as well as chronic external-salivary, biliary, and pancreatic fistulae for his fundamental study of gastric physiology. Pavlov also involves himself on the research of human psychophysiology and psychopathology. This led to a new psychology oriented school of physiology and stimulated ideas of many aspects of human behaviour. 3. B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) Skinner was an American psychologist,  behaviourist and  social philosopher (Smith, L. D., Woodward, W. R., 1996). Skinner called his philosophy of science as radical behaviourism. He argued that psychology should be the study of behaviour. From the point of view of Skinner, he defined behaviour as anything the organism does. This view diverges from the point of view of psychologist who thinks the proper subject matter of psychology is the stream of consciousness. He called his philosophy of science as radical behaviourism was because radical can mean root, and he that his behaviourism was through going, deep behaviourism (William T. ODonohue   Kyle E. Ferguson, 2001). Behaviourism is not the science of human behaviour; it is the philosophy of that science. Some of the questions it asks are these: Is such a science really possible? Can it account for every aspect of human behaviour? What methods can it use? Are its law as valid as those of physics and biology? Will it lead to a technology, and if so, what role will it play in human affairs? (Skinner, 1974) Skinner (1970) also stated that Behaviourism is a formulation which makes possible an effective experimental approach to human behaviour. It is a working hypothesis about the nature of a subject matter. In conclusion, radical behaviourism is not a scientific law; it is a metascientific which attempts to define what the science of behaviour should look like and it is important to be clear what is radical behaviourism and what is not (William T. ODonohue   Kyle E. Ferguson, 2001). 4. John B. Watson (1878- 1958) He had introduced the term behaviourism in the early part of the twentieth century. Watson emphasized the need for focusing scientific inquiry on observable behaviours rather than thinking which defined as non-observable phenomena by him. Apart from that, he also opposes the study of internal mental events as well as denied any existence of the mind. His thinking was greatly influenced by Pavlov. He had adopted the classically conditioned S-R (Stimulus-Response) habit as the basic unit of learning and extended it to human learning (J. E. Ormrod, 2008). Watson had proposed two laws which describing how S-R habit develop. The first law was law of frequency and second law was law of recency. The first law concern on the importance of repetition which bring the meaning of the more frequently a stimulus and response occur in association with each other, the stronger that S-R habit will become. While the second law concern on the importance of timing which mean the response that has most recently occurred after a particular stimulus is the response most likely to be associated with that stimulus (J. E. Ormrod, 2008). In conclusion, from the point of view of Watson, he believed that the past experience of an individual accounts for virtually all behaviour. He was a extreme environmentalist, which denied that hereditary factors had any effect on behaviour (J. E. Ormrod, 2008). 5. Edwin R. Guthrie (1886-1959) Guthries famous with his contiguity theory which had similar perspectives as Watson approach which placed S-R connections at the center of the learning process. An organism responds to a particular stimulus in a particular way on one occasion, the organism will make the same response the next time it encounters the same stimulus and this called habits. Guthrie also shared Watsons belief that recency is critical in learning: An organism will respond to a stimulus in the way that it has most recently responded to that stimulus (J. E. Ormrod, 2008). 6. Clark L. Hull (1884-1952) Hull had introduced an organismic characteristic which bring the meaning of characteristics unique to different individuals. He brings this approach into behaviourist learning theory. He had maintained the S-R habits approach by Skinner and agreed with Thorndike and Skinner behaviourists approach. However, Hull partially agree with the statement by Thorndike and Skinner which stated that presence of a particular stimulus and ones past experiences will affect the behaviour of an individual. In his approach, he believed those stimuli are not the only determinants of whether a particular response will occur or how strongly it will be made. There are some other factors called intervening variables which affect the individual response or behaviour toward certain stimulus. Example of intervening variables are habit strength, organism drive (an internal state of arousal that motivates one behaviour), and inhibitory factors (e.g. fatigue). Hulls theory was predominant throughout the 1940s an d 1950s (J. E. Ormrod, 2008). Hawthorne Studies The Hawthorne effect is often mentioned as a possible explanation for positive results in intervention studies. It is used to cover many phenomena, not only unwitting confounding of variables under study by the study itself, but also behavioural change due to an awareness of being observed, active compliance with the supposed wishes of researchers because of special attention received, or positive response to the stimulus being introduced (Wickstrà ¶m G, Bendix T, 2000). Hawthorne studies was introduced by Frederick Taylor in the year of 1911 which influenced by the principles of scientific management. It is first be practice on the year of 1924 by the management of the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company in Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. The studies look into the relationship between illumination and productivity of the workers. The similar studies was repeated between year 1927 and 1933 in cooperation with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard University which concerned with the effects of changes in rest pauses and work hours on productivity (Wickstrà ¶m G, Bendix T, 2000). For the first studies done on 1924, the methodology involve was decreased the illumination step by step for the experimental subjects, while the controls received the same illumination. Both group of subjects slowly but steadily increased their performance of inspecting parts, assembling relays or winding coils. This experiment showe d that there were not significant relationships between the lighting with the productivity of the workers in the criteria as long as the lighting was kept at a reasonable level. However, there was some other factor more important to affect the productivity of the worker (Wickstrà ¶m G, Bendix T, 2000). Other variables were later being study such as physical factors causing fatigue and monotony, assembly, mica splitting and bank wiring. After complete the series of experiment it found that assembly test as well as the others 3 variables did not explain the continuous increase in productivity observed during the test. The individuals named Roethlisberger Dickson which compile this study report suggested that the most important factor behind the continuous increase in output was the improved personal relations between workers and management. This statement was supported based on the explanations of the informally expressed opinions of the workers participating in the experiment and also based on the general thought of the investigators (Wickstrà ¶m G, Bendix T, 2000). By this study, the investigators conclude that the unintentional manipulations caused the subjects to improve their overall productivity and thus results the appeared of the term called the Hawthorne effect. This term will introduced apparently in French on 1953 which highlighted that the marked increase in production related only to special social position and social treatment. Many of the other articles had deduced that the increased on productivity may result from one the causes stated below, e.g. morale, attitude, supervision, teamwork, cohesiveness, informal organization, interpersonal relationships, social unity, and awareness of being in an experiment, acquiring skill, or continuous feedback while working in a group (Wickstrà ¶m G, Bendix T, 2000). In conclusion, the Hawthorne effect is simply referred to as an increase in productivity. The increase in productivity may due to one or more of the factor below, e.g. relief from harsh supervision, receiving positive attention, learning new ways of interaction, possibilities to influence work procedures, rest pauses, higher income, or threat of losing ones job. All of these factors, or any combination of them, may result an observable increased in the productivity.

Making the Cut :: Women Gender Issues Essays

Making the Cut In response to the failure of the International Bill of Gender Rights to pass congress in the fall of 2010, I propose a film that challenges society to examine the controversies surrounding gender identity construction and transgender people (Phyllis Randolph Frye, Esq., 1.) My film, "Making the Cut," is based loosely on the true story of Johns Hopkins Hospital case study "Joan/John," and chronicles the life of athlete Carla/Carlos Garcia (Diamond, 1). The film uses the example of sport as an indication that society is not yet ready to fully accept transgender individuals into its community. The film begins shortly after the protagonist Carla/Carlos has been born. The doctors immediately realize that the child has been born with a micropenis and determine, as is done to approximately 100 to 200 US children annually, that the child should undergo sex-selection surgery and be raised as a girl (Diamond, 1). The doctors attempt to explain this to the baby's mother, but as she only speaks Spanish their words are lost on her. Not being able to afford prenatal care, the mother has had no expectations for the sex of her child and rejoices when the doctors bring her a baby "girl," whom she names Carla. Carla grows up in Harlem and throughout her childhood is incl ined to participate in activities that society has historically associated with boys: sports, building furniture and playing in mock-fighting games. Carla feels more comfortable in the company of boys and often finds she identifies more closely with their lives than those of her female peers. As an athlete, Carla excels at basketball and earns the recognition of her high school coach and local media as being a basketball sensation. In her senior year, Carla is recruited to play basketball for the University of Connecticut on scholarship. Excited at the prospect of leaving the projects and being the first member of her family to attend college, Carla joins the basketball team. While studying at UCONN, Carla attends a lecture about sex-selection operations for a class. Immediately, she identifies with the stories of people whose sex was decided by their doctors at birth and begins to question her own gender identity. She starts an investigation into her childhood and discovers the med ical records recounting her sex-selection operation. Nervous about the significance of her discovery for her future, but relieved to learn that her inclinations towards feelings of masculinity had biological backing, Carla decides to live her life identifying as male.

Platos Influence in Western Culture Essay

Plato (429-347 B. C. E) is seen by many as one of the greatest philosophers of the classical period, if not of all time. Coming from a wealthy Athenian family it is the belief that he followed and further developed philosophy from his mentor Socrates. His first works are seen as the most trust-worthy accounts of Socrates life, and after his death Plato would continue to develop Socrates works with the help from Plato’s most famous student, Aristotle. During this time Plato would develop his most famous work The Republic. This would notably, along with many of his later works, blend his ideas of politics, ethics, psychology, and metaphysics into an interlinked philosophy. Plato’s dialogues present much of the idea’s founded and developed by the trio, especially in one of his most famous dialogues, The Apology of Socrates Trial. It is from these experiences that with the help of his teacher Socrates and his student Aristotle, Plato would develop the philosophical foundations of Western culture. When asked to define the philosophical style of Plato most people would be quick to label him as a political philosopher, this is due to his views on social implication and the idea of an ideal state or government. Plato was an elitist political thinker in the fact that he said that only those with reason, experience and wisdom should govern. The way he put it was: â€Å"Until philosophers rule as kings or those who are now called kings and leading men genuinely and adequately philosophize, that is, until political power and philosophy entirely coincide, while the many natures who at present pursue either one exclusively are forcibly prevented from doing so, cities will have no rest from evils,†¦ nor, I think, will the human race. † By saying this Plato re-enforces his thought that only those with great wisdom should become leaders and politicians. His belief was that cities will remain evil and tyrant until their current kings either began to think and philosophize, or philosophers were to take rule over the kingdom. Plato’s theory was that these new superior leaders would be seen as â€Å"those who love the sight of truth. † And from this they would then create a perfect city much like the one which he outlined in The Republic, which begins with the city being run by an aristocracy, whose virtue is wisdom, lacks honour and because of this gets replaced by a militant government, which had the virtue of honour but also has the vice of poverty. This too is then overthrown by an elitist group whose wealth corrects the poverty of former militant government but also brings the vice of greed. The elitists are once again replaced by an elected democracy whose vision of equality and fairness corrects the former greed but brings the mistake of to much freedom resulting in anarchy. Finally, the movement of democracy brings forth the order of a tyranny, which establishes peace through cruelty and oppression. It is from this cycle of inevitable and more disturbingly logical political change that Plato disliked the idea of democracy, stating that the average person is selfish, envious and stupid, which leads democracy to be highly corruptible and can cause it to open gates to potential dictators. Democracy was seen as a government dependant on chance which for success must be mixed with competent leadership. The belief was that to run a state a government politicians needed expert rulers and not an average unintelligent citizen who may be elected in by accident. A political decision needs good judgement and because of this leaders must be carefully selected and prepared by means of extensive training. Because of this theory Plato would influence Aristotle, the English constitution and the founding fathers of America to develop a mixed republic that combines democracy, aristocracy and kingship. After the death of Socrates Plato returned to Athens and from there founded a school knows as the Academy, which is where we get the English word â€Å"academic† from and still to this day call institutes of higher learning â€Å"academies†. It was around 387 B. C. E in which Plato bought land outside of Athens to set up his school of philosophy there, which many see as the Western world’s first university. The aim of this academy was to train future politicians of Greek states, and studies focused primarily on philosophy and mathematics. The academy would continue to educate for more than 900 years after its founding even surviving the Roman invasion on Greece in 146 BCE, eventually though the academy would close when the Christian Emperor Justinian closed it in 529 A. D. Later though in Florence sometime during the mid-15th century the â€Å"Accademia Platonica† would be formed by a group of scholars who met under the Platonic philosophy professor Marsilio Ficino, to discuss philosophy and the study of classical politics. Finally in 1926 a modern academy of Athens would be built and labelled as Greece’s national academy. Staying true to its original routes to this day the academy still focuses on the study of humanities and science. It is from this initial establishment of his original academy that the legacy was able to pass on through hundreds of years to the point where the tradition is still alive to this date. Had it not been for Plato’s founding of the academy, the education process would most likely be very different than from that of which it is as we know it today. In Plato’s last and longest work entitled the Laws, he begins by asking â€Å"Who is given credit for laying down the laws? † As opposed to his earlier work in the Republic, which focused on what the best possible state might be like and what experiences and adjustments must be made to achieve that status, the Laws rather focuses on the idea of creating a practicable, yet ideal form of government in a much more realistic way than the former. The characters in this work deal with designing rules to meet â€Å"real world† problems and human affairs. Unfortunately though, the dialogue went unfinished at 345 pages at the time of Plato’s death in 347 B. C. E. The incomplete work of the Laws was still able to outline many questions and themes including, divine revelation, divine law and lawgiving; the role of intelligence in lawgiving; the relations of philosophy, religion, and politics; the role of music, exercise and dance in education; natural law and natural right just to name a few. Once again it was because of Plato’s teaching of his theory’s and publication of his dialogue’s that this theory was also able to spread so quickly through Western culture and even play a role in the way we choose laws to this date. Overall it appears that without Plato’s influence and writings the Western world and it’s culture would have been drastically different from what is the current norm in society. Political structure, academic education and formation of laws would all be heavily affected to the point in which many key things that one would see vital in today’s society may not even exist such as the use of a constitution or an academic university, since it was Plato who established and helped spread the development of such institutions. With Socrates and Aristotle, Plato not only helped develop the foundation of Western culture, but he steered it down the right path as well.

The Plays the Thing

The Plays the Thing In Hamlet, there is the line that goes something like The plays the thing wherein we can catch the conscience of the king. If you play your cards right, playwriting can be the thing that earns you some extra money as a freelancer. There is a huge demand for appropriate plays for the middle school and high school markets. The reason is simple. A lot of people have found themselves in a position like I did several years ago when I was directing plays. I just couldnt find something suitable for the resources I had, so I wrote my own. Later, I queried a publisher on the off chance that it might accept freelance submissions. The one I queried did. Brooklyn Publishers accepted one of my plays and asked for more.   Since that first play, I have published seven plays with this company. The one thing about playwriting is that if you establish a reputation as a writer who can deliver what schools need, you can ride that formula to playwriting success. What I wanted was simple enough: easy comedies, simple sets, and flexible casts leaning heavily to more female parts. Now, twice a year I get royalty checks. If you would like to tap into this market, I would make three suggestions: First, look at publisher websites. Brooklyn Publishers is www.brookpub.com. Check out what they publish; read the descriptions and order a couple of plays to read. Do a search for paying magazines that pay for plays. I know of at least two that accept submissions: Dramatics and Plays. Second, go to performances. Im talking high school and college drama performances. Better yet, get involved in community drama. Third, learn some of the ins and outs of playwriting. There are at least two free online playwriting courses you can check on. MIT has an open course ware playwriting course and playwright Johnathan Dorf has on online course called Playwriting 101. You can google these and go right to them. http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/music-and-theater-arts/21m-604-playwriting-1-spring-2005/index.htm playwriting101.com What are you waiting for? Curtains Up!   Lets play.